History

The Presidential Library system formally began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt donated his personal and presidential papers to the Federal Government. At the same time, President Roosevelt pledged part of his estate at Hyde Park to the United States, and friends of the President formed a private, non-profit corporation to raise funds for the construction of the library and museum building.

Following the example of the Roosevelt Library, all succeeding presidential libraries have been constructed with private funds. Private, non-profit organizations have been formed to coordinate these efforts and continue to provide support for presidential library programs. Once a presidential library has been constructed, the National Archives and Records Administration assumes responsibility for its operation and maintenance, in accordance with the Presidential Libraries™ Acts of 1955 and 1986.

On September 20, 1961, President John F. Kennedy wrote the Archivist of the United States to ask him to consult with White House staff and representatives of Harvard University concerning establishment of a Presidential library in Cambridge, Massachusetts. President Kennedy announced then that he would follow precedents set by Presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman and Eisenhower, and give his papers and memorabilia to the National Archives for a Presidential Library.

A month before his death, President Kennedy visited Cambridge, Massachusetts, and chose a site next to Harvard University for the Library. It was to be the place where the records of his Presidency could be kept and where he would have his office when he retired from public life.

Plans for the Kennedy Library began to take shape in December 1963, when members of President Kennedy's family met with several of his closest associates to discuss a suitable memorial. While many suggestions were offered by people in all parts of the country, Mrs. Kennedy and the other members of President Kennedy's family decided that the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum should be the only official national memorial to the President.

They also agreed that the project should have three parts: a Museum, an Archive, and an educational Institute that would carry forward President Kennedy's interest in bridging the gap between the academic world and the world of public affairs.

The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Inc.—a private, non-profit corporation—was chartered in Massachusetts on December 5, 1963, to construct and equip a library in Massachusetts to house and preserve the papers and historical materials of John F. Kennedy and his associates, and to transfer title of these to the United States as elements of a Presidential archival depository.

Among the Corporation's many responsibilities were the raising and management of all building funds, the selection of the Library site, the appointment of the architect and exhibit designers, the selection of the general contractor, and the actual supervision of all construction.

Principals in the original Corporation were Robert F. Kennedy, Stephen Smith, Robert McNamara, Douglas Dillon, and Arthur M. Schlesinger. Jr. Major financial contributors to the Corporation were political associates, corporations and foundations, foreign governments, private citizens and interest groups who wished to honor President Kennedy. In the end, more than 36 million people from around the world, including school children, contributed to the building fund.

The trustees of President Kennedy's estate, Jacqueline B. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Edward M. Kennedy, formally deeded his papers and historical materials to the United States by a deed of gift accepted by the Administrator of General Services on February 25,1965.

The Kennedy Library Corporation, under the leadership of Stephen E. Smith, raised more than $20.8 million for both the construction of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, and for the creation and endowment of an Institute at Harvard for the study of politics and public affairs.

In 1966, the Kennedy Library Corporation presented Harvard University with an $8 million endowment for the creation of the Institute of Politics. A living memorial to President John F. Kennedy, the Institute was created to compliment the work of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum by helping to inspire the ideals of democracy and freedom in young people all over the world. Harvard University's Institute of Politics seeks to unite students, particularly undergraduates, with academics, politicians, activists, and policymakers on a non-partisan basis and to stimulate and nurture their interest in public service and leadership. The Institute also strives to promote greater understanding and cooperation between the academic world and the world of politics and public affairs.

The General Services Administration established the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in temporary quarters in the Federal Archives and Records Center in Waltham, Massachusetts on October 1, 1969, and at that time announced the opening of the first portions of the Presidential papers for research use.

In 1975, the Kennedy Library Corporation abandoned plans to build the library on the site at Harvard University originally selected by President Kennedy due to prolonged delays in freeing the site for construction and opposition by some Cambridge residents who feared urban congestion caused by visitors and tourists.

The Library Corporation selected a new site for the library adjacent to the Harbor Campus of the University of Massachusetts Boston at Columbia Point in Dorchester. The 9.5 acre, waterfront site with panoramic views of Boston's skyline and Harbor Islands was donated to the Kennedy Library Corporation by the University of Massachusetts Boston with the consent of the state legislature.

From that point on, the Kennedy family involved a wide range of experts from different disciplines in Museum planning. Patricia Kennedy Lawford became overall Museum coordinator, working on a day-to-day basis with the architects, designers and Library staff.

A Museum advisory committee was appointed. Those involved in the planning visited the Hoover Library in West Branch, Iowa; the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, New York; the Harry S. Truman Library in Independence, Missouri; the Dwight Eisenhower Library in Abilene, Kansas; and the Lyndon Johnson Baines Library in Austin, Texas.

Each of the exhibits in the Kennedy Library Museum was developed in three steps: general guidelines and themes were developed; a search was made for the objects, pictures and documents which best illustrated those themes; and Kennedy family representatives met to approve the layouts.

In all, the family held 45 meetings on the Museum project between July 1976 and March 1979. The family's younger generation attended many of the meetings and contributed their opinions.

For advice on portraying Kennedy's presidential years, the advisory committee turned to those who had worked with President Kennedy in the White House—persons like Theodore Sorensen for domestic and foreign policy, Walter Heller for economic policy, Jerome Weisner for science policy, and Burke Marshall and John Seigenthaler for civil rights.

They were able to identify which, out of the millions of pages of Presidential documents, were the most significant items to display.

Members of the Kennedy family also made available for display a wide variety of items from their own homes: letters President Kennedy wrote to them, sailing trophies he won as a young man, pictures he painted for them, the family Bible on which he took the oath of office as President, personal effects from his desk in the Oval Office and his Navy flight jacket embossed with the Presidential seal.

The President's mother, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, recorded some observations on bringing up her children for the section on the President's formative years. Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who selected the architect I.M. Pei to design the Library building, personally supervised the preparation of displays on family life and cultural activities in the White House during the Kennedy years.

Noting that most of the visitors to the Library after the first few years would not have any memories of President Kennedy, Patricia Kennedy Lawford stated:

"What feeling do we want to give people who walk through the Library? People should leave the Library feeling that this was someone they would have liked to know, feeling sorry that they missed those years, and feeling that somewhere, somehow, the country will fulfill the promise that he strove for, and that they will try to help the country achieve that promise."

Ground breaking for the dramatic Kennedy Library building designed by I. M. Pei took place on June 12, 1977. The building was completed and dedicated in October 1979.

The Kennedy Library Corporation transferred title of the completed library to the United States National Archives and Records Administration on October 20, 1979 at a dedication ceremony attended by President Jimmy Carter.

In 1984, the work of the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library Corporation was reorganized and incorporated under Massachusetts law as the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

The John F. Kennedy Library Foundation and the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum continue to be a model of a public/private partnership. While the Kennedy Library and Museum receives an annual federal appropriation for building maintenance and a portion of its personnel costs, the appropriation from Congress provides less than half of the Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum's annual budget. The balance is provided by fees generated by admission to the Museum, the Museum Store, and the use of the Library's meeting facilities; and through the generosity of thousands of private individuals, corporations and foundations who donate money and in-kind services to the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation.

The strong financial support and creative resources provided by the Kennedy Library Foundation enable the Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum to further advance the study and understanding of President Kennedy's life and career and the times in which he lived, and to promote a greater appreciation of America's political and cultural heritage, the process of governing and the importance of public service.