Economist, educator, government official. Professor, Harvard University (1946-1966); Deputy Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1961-1963); special consultant to the President (1963); chairman, President's Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (1964); director, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (1966-1976); vice-chairman and director of research, Sloan Commission on Government and Higher Education (1977-79); Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1977- ), director of Program in Science Technology and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1981- ).