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The World On the Brink: John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis

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THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18

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President Kennedy meeting with Andrei Gromyko

President Kennedy is visited by Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, who asserts that Soviet aid to Cuba is purely defensive and does not represent a threat to the United States. Kennedy, without revealing what he knows of the existence of the missiles, reads to Gromyko his public warning of September 4 that the "gravest consequences" would follow if significant Soviet offensive weapons were introduced into Cuba.

Left: President Kennedy meets with Soviet Ambassador Andrei Gromyko in the Oval Office. The President does not reveal that he is now aware of the missile build-up.

Read memorandum of conversation with Andrei Gromyko

Theodore Sorensen's memorandum of October 18, 1962

Left: By October 18, the president and his advisers weighed only two options: blockade or invasion.

Read Text of Theodore Sorensen's memorandum